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高中短文改錯技巧
導(dǎo)語:對于高中短文改錯技巧,同學(xué)們有必要進(jìn)行掌握。下面是小編整理的高中短文改錯技巧,供各位閱讀和借鑒。
高中短文改錯技巧
短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則
1. 句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個句子要有動詞;
2. 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);
3. 非謂語動詞的用法;
4. 名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),格的使用是否正確;
5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤;
8. 并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。
短文改錯解題四原則
改動以最少為原則;虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;實(shí)詞以改變詞形為原則;以保持句子原意為原則。
短文改錯解題步驟
通讀全文,掌握大意;整句分析,逐行推敲;反復(fù)通讀,復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。
解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)
1. 核對錯項(xiàng)時,若的確有一時難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個,缺詞1個,錯詞8個。
2. 核對改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。
3. 核對答題符號是否規(guī)范,位置是否準(zhǔn)確,看看有無遺漏符號、忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
短文改錯常見錯誤類型
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致;④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。
They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改為do,錯誤類型屬于①)
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改為visited,錯誤類型屬于②)
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (was改為were,錯誤類型屬于③)
There will an important game next month. (will后加be,錯誤類型屬于④)
2. 名詞的常見錯誤:單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改為subjects)
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word改為words)
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 冠詞錯誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改為the,the same是固定搭配)
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a)
I hope you have pleasant journey. (journey是可數(shù)名詞,故have后加a)
4. 形容詞和副詞錯誤:系動詞(am/is/are/was/were/become/go)和感官性動詞(smell/feel)后用形容詞;詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞和形容詞)。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞,要用形容詞wonderful修飾)
My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容詞,terribly改為terrible)
5. 代詞錯誤:代詞的.主格和賓格(I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them)錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me改為myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加-s)
What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改為them)
6. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤:不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致;介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy后需接動名詞,talk改為talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主語,應(yīng)改為going)
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語,read改為reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的動名詞前后不一致,故saw改為seeing)
7. 介詞錯誤:詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用。
There are too many people among my family. (among改為in,in my family為固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at,the moment引導(dǎo)從句)
高中英語短文改錯口訣
一. 動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如:
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。
二. 名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三. 區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的?键c(diǎn)。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
四. 非謂動詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。
五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的?键c(diǎn),其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。
七. 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的'主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外,?嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
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